Figurative Language Definition and Examples

Figurative language is  language in which figures of speech (such as metaphors and metonyms) freely occur. This contrasts with  literal  speech  or language. If something happens literally, says childrens book author Lemony Snicket in The Bad Beginning, it actually happens; if something happens figuratively, it feels like it is happening. If you are literally jumping for joy, for instance, it means you are leaping in the air because you are very happy. If you are figuratively jumping for joy, it means you are so happy that you could jump for joy but are saving your energy for other matters. Figurative language  can also be defined as any deliberate departure from the conventional meaning, order, or construction of words. Examples Tom Robbins, Another Roadside Attraction It is midmorning. A few minutes ago I took my coffee break. I am speaking figuratively, of course. Theres not a drop of coffee in this place and there never has been. Metaphors Austin OMalley, Keystones of Thought Memory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food. Similes P.G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime The Dukes moustache was rising and falling like seaweed on an ebb-tide. Hyperbole Mark Twain, Old Times on the Mississippi I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far. Understatement Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse. Metonymy The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. Chiasmus Cormac McCarthy, The Road You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget. Anaphora John Hollander, Rhymes Reason: A Guide to English Verse Anaphora will repeat an opening phrase or word; Anaphora will pour it into a mold (absurd)! Anaphora will cast each subsequent opening; Anaphora will last until its tiring. Kinds of Figurative Language Tom McArthur, The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language (1) Phonological figures include alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia. In his poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1842), Robert Browning repeats sibilants, nasals, and liquids as he shows how the children respond to the piper: There was a rustling, that seemed like a bustling / Of merry crowds justling at pitching and hustling. Something sinister has started. (2) Orthographic figures use visual forms created for effect: for example, America spelled Amerika (by left-wing radicals in the 1970s and as the name of a movie in the 1980s) to suggest a totalitarian state. (3) Syntactic figures may bring the non-standard into the standard language, as in U.S. President Ronald Reagans You aint seen nothing yet (1984), a nonstandard double negative used to project a vigorous, folksy image. (4) Lexical figures extend the conventional so as to surprise or entertain, as when, instead of a phrase like a year ago, the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas wrote a grief ago, or when the Irish dramatist Oscar Wilde said at the New York Customs, I have nothing to declare but my genius. When people say that you cant take something literally, they are generally referring to usage that challenges everyday reality: for example, through exaggeration (the hyperbole in loads of money), comparison (the simile like death warmed up; the metaphor life is an uphill struggle), physical and other associations (the metonymy Crown property for something owned by royalty), and a part for a whole (the synecdoche All hands on deck!). Observations Joseph T. Shipley, Dictionary of World Literary Terms Figures are as old as language. They lie buried in many words of current use. They occur constantly in both prose and poetry. Sam Glucksberg, Understanding Figurative Language Traditionally, figurative language such as metaphors and idioms has been considered derivative from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward language. A contemporary view...is that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language. Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Figures in Science At no place in Book III [of the Rhetoric] does Aristotle claim that these devices [figures] serve an ornamental or emotional function or that they are in any way epiphenomenal. Instead, Aristotles somewhat dispersed discussion suggests that certain devices are compelling because they map a function onto a form or perfectly epitomize certain patterns of thought or argument. A.N. Katz, C. Cacciari, R. W. Gibbs, Jr., and M. Turner, Figurative Language and Thought The emergence of nonliteral language as a respectable topic has led to a convergence of many fields: philosophy, linguistics, and literary analyses, computer science, neuroscience, and experimental cognitive psychology, to name a few. Each of these fields has enriched the scientific understanding of the relation between language and thought. Figurative Language and Thought Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding This new view of the poetics of mind has the following general characteristics: The mind is not inherently literal. Language is not independent of the mind but reflects our perceptual and conceptual understanding of experience. Figuration is not merely a matter of language but provides much of the foundation for thought, reason and imagination. Figurative language is not deviant or ornamental but is ubiquitous in everyday speech. Figurative modes of thought motivate the meaning of many linguistic expressions that are commonly viewed as having literal interpretations. Metaphorical meaning is grounded in nonmetaphorical aspects of recurring bodily experiences or experiential gestalts. Scientific theories, legal reasoning, myths, art, and a variety of cultural practices exemplify many of the same figurative schemes found in everyday thought and language. Many aspects of word meaning are motivated by figurative schemes of thought. Figurative language does not require special cognitive processes to be produced and understood. Childrens figurative thought motivates their significant ability to use and understand many kinds of figurative speech. These claims dispute many beliefs about language, thought, and meaning that have dominated the Western intellectual tradition. The Conceptual Metaphor Theory David W. Carroll, Psychology of Language According to the conceptual metaphor theory, metaphors and other forms of figurative language are not necessarily creative expressions. This is admittedly a somewhat unusual idea, as we ordinarily associate figurative language with poetry and with the creative aspects of language. But Gibbs (1994 [above]) suggests that what is frequently seen as a creative expression of some idea is often only a spectacular instantiation of specific metaphorical entailments that arise from the small set of conceptual metaphors shared by many individuals within a culture (p. 424). The conceptual model assumes that the underlying nature of our thought processes is metaphorical. That is, we use metaphor to make sense of our experience. Thus, according to Gibbs, when we encounter a verbal metaphor it automatically activates the corresponding conceptual metaphor. John Updikes Use of Figurative Language Jonathan Dee, Agreeable Angstrom: John Updike, Yes-Man. [John] Updike wrote self-consciously about big subjects and big themes, but he was always celebrated more for his prose style than for his subject matter. And his great gift, on the level of style, was not just descriptive but explicitly figurative  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  not about presentation, in other words, but about transformation. This gift could work both for and against him. Figurative language, best employed, is a way of making connections between disparate phenomena, but even more than that it is a way of making us see better, more freshly, more naà ¯vely. Updike was more than capable of such flights: Outdoors it is growing dark and cool. The Norway maples exhale the smell of their sticky new buds and the broad living-room windows along Wilbur Street show beyond the silver patch of a television set the warm bulbs burning in kitchens, like fires at the backs of caves...[A] mailbox stands leaning in twilight on its concrete post. Tall two-petaled street sign, the cleat-gouged trunk of the telephone pole holding its insulators against the sky, fire hydrant like a golden bush: a grove.[Rabbit, Run] But taking one thing and turning it, via language, into another can also be a way of deferring or denying or opting out of engagement with the thing nominally being described. Abusing Figurative Language Peter Kemp, review of How Fiction Works Obfuscation also comes from mishandled metaphor. As readers of his reviews will know, letting [James] Wood anywhere near figurative language is like giving an alcoholic the keys to a distillery. In no time, he’s unsteady and comprehensibility is a casualty. Getting images upside down is a speciality. The personality of a Svevo character is, Wood writes, as comically perforated as a bullet-holed flag  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  an odd view of what’s comical since such a flag would usually be found among the dead and mutilated on a battlefield. Another character is inundated with impressions...like Noah’s dove. The point about Noah’s dove, though, is that it wasn’t inundated but survived the flood and ultimately brought back evidence that the waters had subsided. Sources Carroll, David W. Psychology of Language. 5th edition, Cengage Learning, March 29, 2007. Dee, Jonathan. Agreeable Angstrom: John Updike, Yes-Man. Harpers Magazine, June 2014. Fahnestock, Jeanne. Rhetorical Figures in Science. 1st Edition, Kindle Edition, Oxford University Press, July 1, 1999. Gibbs, Raymond W., Jr. The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. 1st Edition, Cambridge University Press, August 26, 1994. Glucksberg, Sam. Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphor to Idioms. Oxford Psychology Series Book 36, 1st Edition, Kindle Edition, Oxford University Press, July 26, 2001. Hollander, John. Rhymes Reason: A Guide to English Verse. 3rd Edition, Yale University Press, March 1, 2001. Katz, Albert N. Figurative Language and Thought. Counterpoints: Cognition, Memory, and Language. Cristina Cacciari, Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., et al., 1st Edition, Kindle Edition, Oxford University Press, August 12, 1998. Kemp, Peter. How Fiction Works by James Wood. The Sunday Times, March 2, 2008. McArthur, Tom. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, September 3, 1992. McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. Paperback, Vintage, March 28, 2006. OMalley, Austin. Keystones of Thought. Hardcover, Palala Press, April 27, 2016. Robbins, Tom. Another Roadside Attraction. Paperback, Reissue edition, Bantam, April 1, 1990. Shipley, Joseph T. Dictionary of world literary terms: Criticism, forms, technique. Hardcover, George Allen Unwin, 1955. Snicket, Lemony. The Bad Beginning. Paperback, UK ed. edition, Egmont Books Ltd, February 25, 2016. Swift, Jonathan. A Tale of a Tub. Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, March 24, 2011. Twain, Mark. Old Times on the Mississippi. Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, January 22, 2014. Wodehouse, P.G. Uncle Fred in the Springtime. Paperback, Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 2, 2012.

Ikea Operations Management - 3070 Words

http://fp05-527.web.dircon.net/ikea_company_profile.html Profile: ikea IKEA is the world’s most successful mass-market retailer, selling Scandinavian-style home furnishings and other house goods in 230 stores in 33 countries and hosting 410 million shoppers per year. An acronym for founder Ingvar Kamprad and his boyhood home of Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd, IKEA began operating in Sweden in 1943 and continues its original ethos based upon cost obsession fused with design culture. No design, no matter how inspired, finds its way into the catalogue if it cannot be made affordable. With an aim of lowering prices across its entire offering by an average of 2% to 3% each year, its signature feature is the flat packed product that customers assemble†¦show more content†¦He was very clever in utilizing his resources - he delivered his goods by bicycle, and later used the local milk delivery vehicle to make deliveries. 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The End Of The Civil War - 1258 Words

In the 1700s, America was striving off of crops. The king of all crops was cotton. With cotton demands increased, so did the need for enslaved Africans to pick the cotton. The southern states of America were happy with cotton being king and wanted to expand north to increase cotton production. The northern states did not agree with the idea of having land used for cotton, or having Africans in the north. Northerners argued for America to transition from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy. The South did not agree, and fought the north for control over new territory. Thus this began the beginning of the Civil War. The Civil War is considered to be one of the most memorable wars ever fought by the United States of America. It was a war fought within a nation, the U.S. vs itself. The war had come so far that the southern states of American seceded. They became their own country named the Confederate States of America, and they elected Jefferson Davis as their presid ent. 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Hardcore Underground Rap Music Essay Example For Students

Hardcore Underground Rap Music Essay Many young men who grow up in low income communities feel there are few opportunities to succeed, especially in the African American and Hispanic communities. Without proper education, it’s very hard to find meaningful and satisfying employment. When young men in these lower income communities cannot find decent employment, sometimes they make bad choices in the pursuit to earn money. In Houston, TX, underground rap music has become the opportunity for young men growing up in impoverished neighborhoods. Most people would agree that underground rap music is not the best career choice for young men. Money, power, and women are just a few enticements that lure young men into the dark side of underground rap music. Although, many young men from the streets feel that underground rap music is their only way out of the ghetto, there are other opportunities of making it out of the ghetto. Therefore, young men should declare independence from underground rap music and let education guide them to success. We will write a custom essay on Hardcore Underground Rap Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Underground rap music is a hardcore form of rap, sometimes labeled gangster rap, which started in the streets, and gave birth to independent rap artists without major recording contracts. In the early years of underground rap music, the messages expressed the emotions, authority, and logic of the streets and impoverished neighborhoods. Due to the non- commercial quality of underground rap music, underground artists had to find other ways of promoting their music without mainstream radio play and major label distribution. Although, underground rap music started out as the voice of the independent self-promoting street artist, it later became a profitable entity that continuously generates millions of dollars yearly; attracting droves of young men from the streets to stake their claim at trying to be the next underground rap superstar. However, the music material of todays underground rap sounds like it should be considered gangster rap; glorifying drugs, violence, and murder; having a negative effect on the youth. In addition, many underground rap artists have died, as a result of the lifestyle that comes with being an underground rap artist. Therefore, young men should really think long and hard about making a decision to become an underground rap artist. Furthermore, they should pay close attention to the dangerous facts associated with underground rap music. For example, Tupac Shakur, also known as 2pac, was a world-wide and well-known underground rapper who suffered a terrible death in Las Vegas, from a drive- by shooting. Although, some of his music material was positive, the majority of his music contained messages of murder, crime, violence, and drugs. On the song â€Å"Hit Them Up 2pac raps about having sex with Biggie Smalls wife, in a vindictive and revengeful tone that sparked tension between him and Biggie Smalls. Before his death, 2pac and Biggie Smalls were involved in the East coast vs. West coast war that contributed to blood shed on both sides. The negativity in 2pac’s life revolved around underground rap music and ultimately sealed the deal for his untimely death. Would 2pac still be alive if he would have declared independence from underground rap music? What if he made the decision to stop rapping and go back to school to work on a bachelors or masters degree? 2pacs mother has to live on without her son. For a mother, it’s a painful thing to swallow, knowing you will never see your child again. Young men dont have to end up like 2pac and die at an early age. But, most young men trying to pursue a career in underground rap music argue that there are no jobs available and nobody will hire them; rap music is a better opportunity to become rich enough to purchase a mansion and a Bentley in a short period of time; regular jobs dont pay enough money; there’s nothing wrong with using explicit language and profanity; rap music wont affect kids if their parents raise them right; the drugs, crime, violence , murder, unsafe sex, underage drinking, and degradation of women associated with underground rap are not negative influences. .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 , .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .postImageUrl , .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 , .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:hover , .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:visited , .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:active { border:0!important; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:active , .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931 .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0aa82c4739b6cc7bf59dc292297a931:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music on the brain EssayIts understandable how the youth are so amazed and captured by this monster called underground rap music. Young men are watching music videos with the half- naked beautiful women. Young men see the underground rappers flashing money everywhere and driving expensive cars. They see images of drugs and violence associated with street credibility. They see diamond Rolex watches and diamond necklaces. They become fascinated with the lifestyle without seeing the real dangers that hide underneath the real truth; it’s all an illusion and deceitful. It may look good on the surface to young men, but this illusion of success has the potential to disrupt the course of their life. On the other hand, there are other opportunities that dont involve violence, crime, murder, and drugs. Educational opportunities will not require young men to put their life on the line for material items, but it will require them to pick up a few books. Young men must be made aware of the value and importance of a good education. A good education will open the doors for other opportunities. The opportunities of becoming a Doctor, Lawyer, Engineer, Health Professional, Scientist, or English Professor are waiting for young men. To argue, there are no jobs and no employers are hiring is ludicrous. An education will prepare and properly train young men for meaningful and satisfying careers. Proper resume preparation and representation will help young men look more professional to employers; Jobs are available†. Furthermore, an education will broaden young men’s knowledge of the English language. Underground rap music does not broaden young men’s knowledge of the English language, but it promotes unhealthy communication through the uses of profanity and explicit language. Young men must become role models for the next generation of young men. Kids imitate what they see. Underground rappers promote drugs, crime, violence, murder, unsafe sex, underage drinking, and degradation of women in their music. This type of behavior destroys communities and influences young men to drop out of school. Does society want their kids looking up to these rappers as role models? The answer is no. According to Kenneth McGee, a former underground rapper, young men who value an education are more likely to succeed and become the next generation of leaders. Kenneth McGee admits to the fact that underground rap music almost destroyed his life until he declared his independence. He declared his Independence from a negative lifestyle of underground rap and went back to school to earn a degree. It is clear to see that young men who are involved with underground rap music should declare their independence and let education guide them to success. In addition to that, young men who are thinking about giving underground rap a trial period in their life should consider that idea hazardous to their health and well being. The facts still remain that underground rap music has a negative effect on young men; glorifies violence, drugs, crime, murder, underage drinking, unsafe sex, and degradation of women. In conclusion, education creates more opportunities for young men to succeed and underground rap music creates more opportunities to destroy young men.

3 Reasons to Always Keep One Foot in the Job MarketÂÂ

3 Reasons to Always Keep One Foot in the Job Market   You have a job and you’re mostly happy with it. But even if you’re mostly thrilled with it, it’s always a good idea to stay sharp and keep your options open–if only to negotiate better pay, bonuses, etc. Here are three things you can and should do to ensure you’re always a hot commodity and get recognized for your talents. Keep your contacts closeNearly 75% of all job-seekers get hired through networking. All the more reason to expand your network, make new connections, and keep your existing contacts sweet–even when you have a job. If you ever do need to shop around, you’ll have your network already in gear. It’ll seem much more genuine to ask for help if you’ve kept in touch all along.Keep your resume road-readyThere’s nothing worse than needing a new job in a hurry and having and out-of-date resume. Keep your resume current, as well, by doing a bit of monthly scheduled maintenance to include new training, skills , and expertise,0 or even new responsibilities. When or if you ever meet a head hunter, you’ll be ready to present your best self on paper without having to scramble.Stay in the loopStay current and regular. Generate an online presence on social media and networking sites like LinkedIn and then maintain that presence. Make a schedule for articles and blog posts and website updates, even tweets. The more you keep up your brand, the easier it will be to sell it (translation: yourself) if you ever have to.If you follow this roadmap, you’ll never find yourself in a desperate situation. You can do your job with the confidence that you can easily find another one, given all the great groundwork that you’ve been laying.

Destructive Leadership in HRM

Destructive Leadership in HRM Critical Learning Points The article by Birgit Schyns and Jan Schilling (2012) offers an analysis of the phenomenon of destructive leadership along with its possible consequences. The following points from the article appear to be important to me.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Destructive Leadership in HRM specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Destructive leadership is described as a process in which over a longer period of time the activities, experiences and/or relationships of an individual or the members of a group are repeatedly influenced by their supervisor in a way that is perceived as hostile and/or obstructive (Schyns Schilling, 2013, p. 4). The consequences may include resistance and deviant work behavior, decrease in job satisfaction and commitment, job tension, and reduced employee wellbeing (stress, emotional exhaustion). The authors also included some suggestion regarding the reasons for destr uctive leadership. They reflected that it may be a result of ineffective leadership that has led the followers to question the leaders position. The authors admit that the actions believed to be destructive can help to regain the leadership position in the short run; however, the damage to the leaders image and followers trust is bound to render this strategy ineffective sooner or later. While the negative impact of destructive relationships appears to be apparent, it is important to receive scientific data supporting this point. Apart from that, in my opinion other issues need to be discussed in this respect.  The idea of destructive leadership being an oxymoron caught my eye. The authors explain why the influence that a leader has on followers can be called leadership regardless of its effects, and I agree that this power can be used for negative purposes. However, it appears as important that the destructive leadership does not have to be intentional. In this respect, the issue of perception seems to be important. It appears to be necessary to take into account and assess the way followers perceive a leaders actions. Elsewise, the leader is in danger of using destructive leadership without fully realizing it. Apart from that, I do not believe that the consequences and the actual impact of any kind of negative behavior are necessary for defining destructive leadership. In case the actions of a leader have the potential of becoming destructive, they need to be rectified.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Applying the Insights to the Future Career Taking into account all the possible adverse outcomes of destructive leadership, I would intend to avoid abusing my power over the employees. Apart from that, I attempt to take into account the fact that it is not strictly the behavior of the leader, but its perception in the eyes of the followers that has practical influence. I know that I need to be sensitive to my followers perception of my actions, which can be achieved through developing my social and emotional skills. Apart from that, I believe that a trust- and respect-based relationship with employees can facilitate the process of opinion exchange among us. In this case, the problem of the difference in perception can be solved. Thought-Provoking Questions The problem of perception differences appears to be very significant to me. I have expressed my suggestions regarding it; I wonder if my peers could brainstorm this issue with me to arrive at a more consistent conclusion. The authors point out that the destructive leadership can be found on individual and group levels (Schyns Schilling, 2012, p. 4). However, would not an individual-level destructive leadership be destructive on a group level? I would suggest regarding the issues of the leader being a model of negative behavior in this case. Reference Sc hyns, B., Schilling, J. (2012). How Bad Are the Effects of Bad Leaders? A Meta-Analysis of Destructive Leadership and Its Outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 138-158. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.09.001

Access to Technology Key to Effective Transit Oriented Development in Essay

Access to Technology Key to Effective Transit Oriented Development in Urban Planning - Essay Example In the 20th century, commuters have preferred personalized modes of transportation over public transportation for numerous reasons. Public transportation meant that they had to compromise on privacy. People felt that public transportation was not an effective way of transportation. Private transportation gave them more freedom and gave them the privacy that was needed. Another important factor that went against improved public transportation is that the time spent in public transportation was waste of quality time and nothing productive could be extracted from it. Even though public transportation was cheaper when compared to private modes of transportation, people preferred private transportation over public transportation. Studies in the recent past have shown that trends are changing. There is a big segment of the urban population that is beginning to use public transportation more often because they are drawn towards a transit-oriented lifestyle. The majority of this segment consists of people under the age of 35, i.e. the Generation Y or Millennials. Joseph P. Schwieterman’s article â€Å"The Travel Habits of Gen Y† is focused on this. It discusses how the technology has changed the perception of the current generation towards public transportation and why more and more people below the age of 35 prefer public transportation over private transportation. The article identifies one of the main reasons for the newly found attractiveness in public transportation is the access to modern technologies. The current generation is highly hooked to electronic gadgets and prefers to stay digitally connected.